Sabtu, 31 Oktober 2009

DREAM, ACTION AND TALK. (Tulisan Pertama)

Sesudah ada kesulitan, akan datang kemudahan.
Kadang kala kita bingung dari mana kita harus memulai suatu usaha. Kebanyakan orang berpikir dan selalu mengeluh tidak punya modal. Terjadi keputusasaan yang menyangkut hari depan .Pikirannya tidak terkendali dan menyalahkan diri sendiri dengan rasa penyesalan. Udah sekolah tinggi-tinggi , cari kerja susah .Namun penyesalan hanyalah membuang-buang waktu . Rubahlah mulai saat ini dengan pikiran-pikiran yang positif.
Jangan Bersedih. Ketika Berachir Kesulitan Akan Datang Kemudahan.
Amru bin Ahihah Al-Ausi Radihiyallahu Anhu mengatakan; “Ketika kesulitan mencapai puncaknya,maka kelapangan pasti ada. Ketika cobaan semakin menghimpit, maka tibalah saat kedamaian. Saya tidak pedulikan antara dua urusan yang menimpaKu, kesulitan atau kemudahan, karena salah satu dari keduanya akan membuat sirna yang lainnya, 1). Bermimpilah menjadi pengusaha dengan ide-ide besar dan cemerlang tidak ada orang yang melarang anda untuk bermimpi karna mimpi tidak pernah merugikan orang.

Mengembangkan mimpi (Dream) Menjadi Kenyataan (Action)
Untuk mengembangkan mimpi menjadi kenyataan perlu adanya ide-ide besar. Jika susah dengan ide- ide yang cemerlang mulailah dengan ide-ide sederhana, yang dapat dijangkau dengan kemampuan Anda. Kemampuan itu terdiri dari berbagai hal yang kami singkatkan dalam kata MOCCA.
Apa itu Mocca ? Kata Mocca adalah kepanjangan dari (M)-Money; (O)-Opportunity; (C)-Character; (C)-Capability; (A)-Accounting.

Money :
Kenapa uang penting?
Membicarakan modal tidak lepas dari pengertian uang. Kita sering membicarakan modal dengan menunjuk pada posisi uang untuk berbagai keperluan.
Akan lebih tepat jika uang digunakan untuk membeli kelengkapan barang modal.

Jumat, 30 Oktober 2009

The Demand for Money


Individuals and business have three basic reasons for holding money:
1. To facilitate their day-to- day transactions;
2. To be better prepared to cope with unexpected emergencies;
3. And third, as an investment in a financial asset.
These motives are termed the transactions demand for money, the precautionary demand for money, and the speculative demand for money.
The demand for money is a demand for a stock, a desire to hold a particular amount of money. People express their demand for income by selling their labor and other resources. The most obvious reason why people demand money is because it is such a convenient medium of exchange. People demand money to carry out transactions, as we will now see.

Transactions Demand for Money
The transaction demand for money reflects the fact that business forms and individuals need to hold money in some form to pay for their day-to-day purchases and make other necessary payments.
Business and individuals need to keep some money on hand because their cash inflows usually are not timed to occur exactly when cash is needed to make payments. For example, many people are paid on the last day of each month, and they maintain money balances in order to pay bills falling due throughout the next month.
Of course, some of this money could be placed in other types of accounts where the interest rate is higher than for checking accounts and transferred to the latter type of account as needed.
Book References: Lila J. Truett, Dale B. Truett, Times Mirror/Mosby College Publishing Toronto, 1987, “Economics”; William A. M’eachern, South-Western Publishing co Cincinnati, 1988, “Economics A Contemporary Introduction”.

SUMMARY


Advertising is defined as non personal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature, about products, services, or ideas by identified sponsors through various media.
As a marketing tool, advertising several functions:
1. To identify products and differentiate them.
2. To communicate information about the product.
3. To induce the trail of new products by new users and to suggest repurchasing by existing users.
4. To stimulate a product’s distribution.
5. To increase product use.
6. To build brand preference and loyalty.
Aside from marketing, advertising may also serve a communication function, an education, an economic function, and a social function.

There are many different types of advertising. It may be classified by target audience (e.g., consumer, industrial), by geography (local, international), by the medium used (radio, television), and by its function or purpose (e.g., product advertising, non commercial advertising, direct action advertising).

Advertising began in early time when most people could not read or write. The post-World War II era has been marked by the growth of television advertising, intense marketing competition, and increased attempts to differentiate products through positioning strategies or other techniques.

The economic impact of advertising can be likened to the opening shot in billiards-a chain reaction that affects the company that advertises as well as its competitors, customers, and the business community.

On a broader scale advertising is often considered the trigger on the mass distribution system that enables manufacturers to produce the products consumers want in high volume, at low prices, with standardized quality. There is disagreement, however, about whether advertising encourages or discourages competition, adds value to products, makes products makes products more or less expensive, affects total consumer demand, and narrows or widens consumer choice, and whether it has any real effect on national business cycles.

While controversy surrounds most of these economic issues, the importance of advertising can best be understood by accepting the abundance principle. This states that, in an economy that produces more goods and services than can be consumed, advertising keeps consumers informed of their selection alternatives and helps companies to compete more effectively.
(Book Reference: Bovee/Srens, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1982, “Contemporary Advertising”).

Kamis, 29 Oktober 2009

ADVERTISING

Macroeconomic Impact of Advertising
1. Impact on the product and medium
2. Impact on the company
3. Impact on competitors
4. Impact on customers
5. Impact on the business community

Macroeconomic View of Advertising
1. Importance of mass distribution
2. Effect of advertising on competition
3. Effect of advertising on the value of products
4. Effect of advertising on prices
5. Effect of advertising on consumer demand
6. Effect of advertising on consumer choice
7. Effect of advertising of the business cycle

Economic Impact of Advertising in Perspective
For the consumer, advertising costs less than most people believe. The various media that carry the advertisements we see are amazingly efficient. A bottle of Coke contains about a penny’s worth of advertising. An automobile that costs $7,000 includes an advertising cost of less than $100.
To the economy as a whole the importance of advertising may best be demonstrated by the abundance principle. This states that in an economy that produces more goods and services than can be consumed, advertising servers two important purposes: (1) it keeps consumers informed of their selection alternatives, and (2) it allows companies to compete more effectively for consumer dollars.
As advertising has stimulated a healthy economy, it has also stimulated a financially healthy consumer who is more informed, better educated, and more demanding. And one of these demands has been for accountability by manufacturers and advertising, thus leading to an unprecedented level of social and legal regulation.
(Book Reference: Contemporary Advertising Hal. 25-36)

Rabu, 28 Oktober 2009

FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISING


What is advertising?

Advertising is the non personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services, or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media.

Let’s take this definition apart and analyze its components. advertising is directed to groups of people and is therefore non personal in nature. The group might be teenagers who enjoy rock music or men and women who watch soap operas or sporting events. But is is not personal or face-to-face communication.

Advertising is not restricted to the promotion of tangible products such as soap and soft drinks. advertising is also used extensively to help services such as hair styling and motorcycle repairs. And increasingly advertising is used to sell economic, political, religious, and social ideas.

Most advertising reaches us through the mass media – that is, billboards, newspapers, magazines, radio and television. But much advertising also reaches us through direct mail. Some advertising even reaches us through players hung on our doorknobs or placed under our windshield wipers at the shopping center.

The most basic function of advertising:

1. To identify products and differentiate them from others.
2. To communicate information about the product, its features, and its location of sale.
3. To induce consumers to try new products and suggest reuse.
4. Stimulating the distribution of a product.
5. To increase product usage.
6. To build brand preference and loyalty.

Generally these functions could be grouped and categorized as marketing, communication, and education functions, as well as economic and social function.
Book Preference : Bovee / Arens, Richard D. Inc, 1982,"Contemporary Advertising"

Selasa, 20 Oktober 2009

ASKING FOR A PERSONAL REFERENCE

ASKING FOR A PERSONAL REFERENCE

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

20 October 2009

Mr. Hendar,
Personnel Manager
Dar Insurance Ltd.
Jl. Cibubur
Jakarta

Dear Mr. Hendar,

Subject : Reference for Marliani
Miss. Marliani has applied for the post of secretary to Marketing Manager of our company and has given your name as her reference.
We would be very grateful if you could give us your opinion of her suitability for the post we have. Any information you give us would be treated as strictly confidential.
Thank you very much for your help and look forward to your information.

Yours sincerely,


Rizal
Personal manager

Minta Referensi Pribadi


HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

20 October 2009

Kepada Yth.
Tn. Hendar,
Personnel Manager
Dar Insurance Ltd.
Jl. Cibubur
Jakarta

Dengan hormat,

Perihal : Referensi Sdri. Marliani
Saudari Marliani telah melamar untuk jabatan sekretaris Menejer Pemasaran di perusahaan kami dan telah memberikan nama Anda sebagai referensinya.
Kami akan sangat berterima kasih jika Anda dapat memberikan pendapat Anda atas pantas – tidaknya saudari tersebut untuk jabatan yang ada pada kami. Setiap informasi yang Anda berikan akan sangat dirahasiakan.

Terima kasih atas bantuannya dan kani tunggu informasi dari Anda.

Hormat kami,



Rizal
Menejer Personalia


Important Word List

Another = yang lain; apply for = melamar; brochure = brosur; date = tanggal; discuss = mendiskusikan; engagement = janji; form = formulir; kind = baik hati, jenis
Newest = terbaru; Plan = rencana; product = produk; rate = tarif; reserve = memesan; soon = segera; still = masih; suitability = pantas-tidaknya; suitable = pantas; topic = topic, masalah.


Giving a Personal Reference

22 October 2009

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

Mr. Rizal
Personal Manager
Zal Insurance Company
Jl. Dharmawangsa
Jakarta

Dear Mr. Hendar,

Subject: Reference for Marliani.
Thank you for your letter of 20 October asking for a reference for Miss. Marliani.
She used to work for our company as my secretary from 2004 to 2006 and has gained considerable experience of work where she was responsible for all business correspondence. She worked efficiently and reliable. Her fluency in English has been a great help as most of our clients are foreigners.
I am quite sure that she would be a suitable person for the post of secretary to the Marketing Manager of your company.

Sincerely,


Rizal
Personal Manager


Memberikan Referensi Pribadi

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

22 October 2009

Kepada Yth,
Bapak. Rizal
Menejer Personalia
Zal Insurance Company
Jl. Dharmawangsa
Jakarta

Dengan hormat,

Perihal : Referensi untuk Marliani

Terima kasih atas surat Anda tanggal 20 Oktober yang meminta referensi untuk saudari Marliani.
Dia pernah bekerja di perusahaan kami sebagai sekertaris saya dari tahun 2002 – 2006 dan dia telah mendapat banyak pengalaman bekerja di mana dia bertanggung jawab atas semua korespondensi niaga. Dia bekerja secara efisien dan dapat dipercaya. Kelancaran bahasa Inggrisnya sangat membantu karena sebagian besar nasabah kami orang asing.
Saya yakin dia akan cocok untuk jabatan sekertaris Menejer Pemasaran di perusahaan Anda.

Hormat kami,


Rizal
Menejer Personalia


Important Word List
Agree = setuju, menyetujui; ask for = meminta; available = tersedia; collect = mengambil; competitor = saingan; engaged = sibuk; explain = menerangkan; experience = pengalaman; flight = penerbangan; join = ikut; occupy = menempati; priority = perioritas; possible = mungkin; prefer = lebih suka; product = produk; quality = mutu; subject = prihal; suitable = cocok; travel = bepergian


ASKING for a COMPANY REFERENCE


HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

17 October 2009

Finance Manager
Mangs Bank
Latuharhari
Jakarta

Dear sir,
Subject: Blue Paper Inc.
The above-mentioned company has asked us to supply them on credit and your bank was given as a reference.
We would be very grateful for any information regarding the company’s ability to meet its financial obligation. Naturally, your reply will be kept strictly confidential.
We look forward to your reply and thank you for your cooperation in this matter.

Yours faithfully,

Rendy
Credit Manager



Minta Referensi Perusahaan


HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

17 October 2009

Menejer Keuangan
Mangs Bank
Jl. Latuharhari
Jakarta

Dengan hormat,
Perihal: Blue Paperwork Inc.

Perusahaan kami tersebut di atas telah meminta kami untuk mensuply mereka secara kredit dan bank Anda diberikan sebagai referensi.
Kami akan sangat berterima kasih atas setiap informasi mengenai kemampuan perusahaan tersebut memenuhi kewajiban finansialnya. Jawaban Anda tentu saja akan dirahasiakan.

Kami tunggu balasan Anda dan terima kasih atas kerja sama Anda dalam hal ini.

Hormat kami,


Rendy
Menejer Kredit


IMPORTANT WORD LIST

Certain = tentu; conference = konfrensi; customer = pelanggan; delivery = pengiriman; dispatch = mengirim; discount = potongan; facility = fasilitas; give = memberi; handle = menangani; medium = sedang; mind = keberatan; obligation = kewajiban; permanent = tetap; quiet = tenang; regard = nebgenai; regular = tetap; remit = mengirim; responsible = bertanggung jawab; serve = melayani; take over = mengambil alih.

( Addapted from Dhanny R. Cyssco ENGLISH CONVERSATION & CORRESPONDENCE FOR SECRETARIES, 1997. page 54 - 72 )

Senin, 19 Oktober 2009

LETTER OF INQUIRY

LETTER OF INQUIRY

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut
19 October 2009
The Manager
Heri Perkasa
Jl.Cimanuk 140 Garut

Dear sir,
Mr. Solihin, our Marketing Manager is attending an International Seminar on Science and Technology in Bandung next November and during he is Bandung, he is interested to stay in your hotel.
I should be pleased if you could send me your complete brochures, pricelist, and other information on facilities you can offer to your reply by return.

Yours sincerely,


Hanny
Secretary



SURAT PERMINTAAN KETERANGAN

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

19 October 2009
The Manager
Heri Perkasa
Jl.Cimanuk 140 Garut

Dear sir,

Tn. Solihin, Menejer Pemasaran kami akan menghadiri suatu Seminar Internasional mengenai Ilmu dan Teknology di Garut bulan Nopember mendatang dan selama berada di Garut, dia tertarik untuk tinggal di hotel Anda.
saya sangat senang jika Anda dapat mengirimkan pada saya brosur - brosur lengkap Anda, daftar harga, dan keterangan lainnya tentang fasilitas yang dapat Anda berikan pada pada tamu - tamu Anda.
Saya tunggu balasan Anda secepatnya.


Hormat saya,




Hanny
Sekretaris


IMPORTANT WORD LIST
accept = menerima; agreement = persetujuan
apology = permintaan maaf; appointment = janji
background = latar belakang; branch = cabang
caller = penelpom; certainly = tentu saja
convenient = menyenangkan; delivery = pengiriman
engaged = sibuk; experienced = berpengalaman
hear = mendengar; inquiry = permintaan keterangan
install = mencicil; list = daftar
pleased = senang; pricelist = daftar harga
reply = balasan ; resign = mengundurkan diri
skill = keterampilan ; terms = syarat - syarat


REPLY TO LETTER OF INQUIRY

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

20 October 2009
Ms. Hanny
International Metro
Jl.Patra Kuningan
Jakarta

Dear Ms. Hanny,
Thank you for your letter of 19 October, inquirying about our brochures and price list.
We are pleased to enclose our newest brochures and pricelist together with some other information on the details of our hotel facilities.
We look forward your Marketing Manager's visit.

Yours faithfully,


Hendar
Reservation Manager


BALASAN SURAT PERMINTAAN KETERANGAN

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

20 October 2009
Ms. Hanny
International Metro
Jl.Patra Kuningan
Jakarta

Dengan hormat,
Terima kasih atas surat Anda tanggal 19 Oktober, yang minta brosur - brosur dan daftar harga kami.
Dengan senang hati kami lampirkan brosur - brosur terbaru kami dan daftar harga bersama dengan keterangan lainnya tentang perincian fasilitas - fasilitas hotel kami.
Kami menunggu kunjungan Menejer Pemasaran Anda.

Hormat saya,



Hendar
Menejer Reservasi


IMPORTANT WORD LIST

account = rekening; advice = nasihat ; ask = bertanya
connect = menghubungkan ; details = perincian; enclose = melampirkan
fill = mengisi; finance = keuangan; form = formulir
instruction = instuksi; leave = meninggalkan; newest = terbaru
payment = pembayaran; reply = membalas; settle = menyelesaikan
sign = menandatangani; submit = menyerahkan; transfer = mentransfer
visit = kunjungan


INQUIRY LETTER


HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

18 October 2009

Sales Manager
Heri Office Supplies Inc
Building
Jl. Cibubur
Jakarta

Dear sir,
We are expanding our business in Jakarta and we will need some new tables, chairs, filing cabinets, computers, type riters and some other office equipment.

Please send us your catalogues with your price lists, and terms of payment for the items mentioned above.

We look forward to your prompt reply.

Yours faithfully,



Maria
Secretary


SURAT BALASAN KETERANGAN


HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut


18 October 2009

Sales Manager
Heri Office Supplies Inc
Building
Jl. Cibubur
Jakarta


Dengan hormat,

Kami akan mengembangkan usaha kami di Jakarta dan kami akan membutuhkan beberapa meja, kursi, filing cabinet, komputer, mesin ketik baru dan barang - barang perlengkapan kantor lainnya.

Mohon kirimkan pada kami katalog - katalog dengan daftar harga, dan syarat - syarat pembayaran untuk barang - barang tersebut di atas.

Kami menunggu balasan Anda secepatnya.


Hormat kami,



Maria
Sekretaris

IMPORTANT WORD LIST

able = sanggup, dapat; branch = cabang ; equipment = perlengkapan
error = kesalahan; expand = memperluas; get = mendapatkan
hard = giat; interview = wawancara; miscalculation = salah hitung
mistake = kesalahan; next = yang akan datang;possible = mungkin
postpone = menunda; prefer = lebih suka; prompt = cepat
put off = menunda; solve = memecahkan; sure = yakin, pasti


Reply to Inquiry letter

HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

Ms. Maria
Secretary
B. Contructional Ltd.
Jakarta

Dear Ms. Maria,

Thanks you for letter of 18 October, inquirying about our catalogues, pricelist, and terms of payment.
We have pleasure in sending you our catalogue, pricelist, and terms of payment of all office equipment we have.
We hope you will find our prices, terms, and the quality of the items you need satisfactory.
We look forward to your first order.

Yours sincerely,

Solihin Arif
Sales manager

Jawaban Surat Permintaan Keterangan


HERI PERKASA
Jl. Cimanuk 140
Garut

Kepada Yth.
Ibu Maria
B. Contructional Ltd.
Jakarta

Dengan hormat,
Terima kasih atas surat Anda tanggal 18 oktober yang meminta catalog – catalog, daftar harga, dan syarat – syarat pembayaran semua perlengkapan kantor yang ada pada kami.
Dengan senang hati kami kirimkan pada Anda katalog – katalog, daftar harga, dan syarat – syarat yang ada pada kami.
Kami harap daftar harga, syarat pembayaran dan mutu barang – barang yang Anda butuhkan akan memuaskan Anda.
Kami tunggu pesanan pertama Anda.

Hormat kami,


Solihin Arif
Menejer penjualan

Important Word List

A lot = banyak; Application = lamaran; Confirm = mengkonfirmasikan; Customer = pelanggan; Find = menemukan; Guest = tamu; Hope = berharap; items = barang – barang; official = resmi; overseas = luar negeri; partner = partner; pleasure = kesenangan; representative = perwakilan; satisfactory = memuaskan; seat = tempat duduk; send = mengirim; style = bentuk, gaya; terms = syarat – syarat; thirsty = haus; type = mengetik; weather = ucaca.

( Addapted from Dhanny R. Cyssco ENGLISH CONVERSATION & CORRESPONDENCE FOR SECRETARIES, 1997. page 22 - 44 )